Egypt Population

Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world, and almost all of its people are packed into the narrow ribbon of the Nile valley and delta, making the habitable density extraordinarily high. Fertility dipped, then rose again during the 2010s before resuming its fall, leaving the country with a large youth bulge straining jobs, housing and subsidised food. Managing that young and fast-growing population is a constant balancing act for the state.

Egypt is home to about 119 million people in 2026, the 13th largest population of any country. In Northern Africa, where it lies, that future is driven by fertility, longevity and the movement of people across its borders. It packs in roughly 121 people per square kilometre.

The defining marker in Egypt's future is its peak, expected around 2100 at about 202 million. After that the population eases back toward 202 million by 2100, having passed through 161 million at mid-century. The 200 million threshold is reached around 2092.

At roughly 2.74 births per woman, fertility remains above replacement, though it has been trending down.

The median age is set to climb from about 24 today to roughly 42 by 2100, while life expectancy, near 72 years, keeps rising. An older population gradually reshapes the labour force, pension systems and healthcare demand.

All of this is a projection, not a prediction. The further out it runs the wider the plausible range becomes, which is why Egypt's charts show a low-to-high band around the central line.