Sudan Population

Sudan still has high fertility and a very young population, but its demographics are now dominated by conflict and mass displacement. War has uprooted millions of people both within the country and across its borders, making the population unusually mobile and hard to count. Underlying growth remains rapid, even as the human picture is defined by upheaval.

With roughly 52.5 million people as of 2026, Sudan ranks 29th in the world by population. Set in Northern Africa, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. Population density stands at about 30 people for every square kilometre of land.

Growth continues for Sudan until around 2100, the year its population is set to crest at about 137 million. From there a slow fall takes it to roughly 137 million by century's end. The 100 million threshold is reached around 2062.

With about 4.26 births per woman, Sudan still has one of the higher fertility rates in the world, driving fast expansion. Net inward migration adds to the population each year and partly offsets the low birth rate.

Half of Sudan is currently younger than about 18, but by 2100 the median age is projected to reach around 36, while life expectancy, near 67 years, keeps rising. For now it remains one of the world's youngest populations, with a large generation about to reach working age. An older population gradually reshapes the labour force, pension systems and healthcare demand.

All of this is a projection, not a prediction. The further out it runs the wider the plausible range becomes, which is why Sudan's charts show a low-to-high band around the central line.