Slovakia Population

Slovakia's population is peaking right about now, in the mid-2020s, making it one of the newest members of the club of shrinking countries. Fertility sits well below replacement and many young Slovaks work abroad, often just across the border in Czechia or Austria. From here the projection is a long, slow decline toward roughly three and a half million by 2100.

Slovakia is home to about 5.5 million people in 2026, the 123rd largest population of any country. Set in Eastern Europe, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. Population density stands at about 111 people for every square kilometre of land.

Having topped out near 5.5 million around 2024, Slovakia has entered the long, slow decline now spreading across much of the world. Its population is projected to fall to roughly 4.9 million by 2050 and about 3.4 million by 2100.

Half of Slovakia is currently younger than about 42, but by 2100 the median age is projected to reach around 51, while life expectancy, near 78 years, keeps rising. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.

With fertility near 1.56, just under the 2.1 replacement mark, natural increase is fading.

The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, a population already past its peak, is robust across the main variants.