Uzbekistan Population

Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia, with fertility still above the replacement level and a young, growing population. Unlike much of the post-Soviet world, it has avoided sharp demographic decline, sustaining steady increase. Labour migration, much of it to Russia, has long been an important release valve and source of remittances.

With roughly 37.4 million people as of 2026, Uzbekistan ranks 43rd in the world by population. A country of Central Asia, its trajectory to 2100 is governed by how births, deaths and migration play out. It packs in roughly 89 people per square kilometre.

Growth continues for Uzbekistan until around 2100, the year its population is set to crest at about 74.2 million. From there a slow fall takes it to roughly 74.2 million by century's end. The 50 million threshold is reached around 2047.

At roughly 3.49 births per woman, fertility remains above replacement, though it has been trending down.

The median age is set to climb from about 27 today to roughly 39 by 2100, while life expectancy, near 73 years, keeps rising. That ageing slowly changes everything from the size of the workforce to the cost of care and pensions.

The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, growth followed by an eventual peak, is robust across the main variants.