Tajikistan Population

Tajikistan has one of the highest fertility rates of any former Soviet republic, behind only Uzbekistan, and its population is projected to nearly double by 2100, a trajectory closer to South Asia than to its post-Soviet peers. It is also among the world's most remittance-dependent countries, with a large share of working-age men employed in Russia at any given time. Rapid growth in a mountainous country with limited arable land keeps pressure on water and jobs.

Tajikistan is the world's 89th most populous country, home to about 10.9 million people in 2026. Set in Central Asia, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. It packs in roughly 77 people per square kilometre.

Tajikistan is projected to keep growing until about 2100, when its population peaks at roughly 20.2 million before a gradual decline sets in, leaving it near 20.2 million by 2100.

Fertility is around 3.04 births per woman, above the replacement level, which keeps natural growth positive for now. Emigration adds a further drag, as departures outnumber arrivals year to year.

The median age is set to climb from about 22 today to roughly 40 by 2100, while life expectancy, near 72 years, keeps rising. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.

All of this is a projection, not a prediction. The further out it runs the wider the plausible range becomes, which is why Tajikistan's charts show a low-to-high band around the central line.