Colombia Population

Colombia's fertility has dropped below the replacement level, placing it firmly among the ageing societies of Latin America. At the same time it has absorbed the largest share of the millions who have fled neighbouring Venezuela, a sudden inflow that has reshaped its recent population trends. The country is balancing the slow long-term pressure of ageing against the immediate task of integrating migrants.

Colombia is home to about 53.7 million people in 2026, the 28th largest population of any country. A country of South America, its trajectory to 2100 is governed by how births, deaths and migration play out. It packs in roughly 48 people per square kilometre.

Growth continues for Colombia until around 2051, the year its population is set to crest at about 59.4 million. From there a slow fall takes it to roughly 47.3 million by century's end. The 50 million threshold was crossed near 2020.

The median age is set to climb from about 32 today to roughly 52 by 2100, even as life expectancy improves from about 78 years. An older population gradually reshapes the labour force, pension systems and healthcare demand.

With fertility near 1.63, just under the 2.1 replacement mark, natural increase is fading. Net inward migration adds to the population each year and partly offsets the low birth rate.

Read these numbers as the midpoint of a range. Under the UN's high and low fertility paths Colombia's 2100 population could land well above or below the figures here; the medium variant is simply the central case.