Argentina Population

Argentina's fertility has fallen below the replacement level, putting it on a path of gradual ageing typical of the more developed parts of Latin America. Recurrent economic crises have spurred a brain drain of young and skilled workers, even as the country keeps drawing migrants from elsewhere in the region. The population still grows slowly, but the long-term trajectory points toward stabilisation and decline.

Argentina is the world's 35th most populous country, home to about 45.9 million people in 2026. Set in South America, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. Population density stands at about 16 people for every square kilometre of land.

Argentina is projected to keep growing until about 2050, when its population peaks at roughly 48.3 million before a gradual decline sets in, leaving it near 38.4 million by 2100.

Half of Argentina is currently younger than about 33, but by 2100 the median age is projected to reach around 52, while life expectancy, near 78 years, keeps rising. That ageing slowly changes everything from the size of the workforce to the cost of care and pensions.

Fertility sits at about 1.50 births per woman, below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, so without migration the population would eventually shrink.

The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, growth followed by an eventual peak, is robust across the main variants.