Venezuela Population

Venezuela's demographics have been upended by economic collapse, which has driven one of the largest migration crises in modern history, with several million people fleeing the country. Falling fertility combined with that mass exodus has reshaped the age structure and drained the working-age population. The story here is less about births than about the people who have left.

With roughly 28.6 million people as of 2026, Venezuela ranks 53rd in the world by population. In South America, where it lies, that future is driven by fertility, longevity and the movement of people across its borders. It packs in roughly 31 people per square kilometre.

The defining marker in Venezuela's future is its peak, expected around 2057 at about 31.2 million. After that the population eases back toward 28.4 million by 2100, having passed through 31.1 million at mid-century.

With fertility near 2.08, just under the 2.1 replacement mark, natural increase is fading. Emigration adds a further drag, as departures outnumber arrivals year to year.

The median age is set to climb from about 29 today to roughly 46 by 2100, even as life expectancy improves from about 73 years. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.

The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, growth followed by an eventual peak, is robust across the main variants.