Singapore Population

Singapore has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, hovering around one child per woman, despite years of generous incentives to encourage births. The city-state depends heavily on immigration to sustain its workforce and population. Rapid ageing within a small, dense territory makes its demographic squeeze especially acute.

Singapore is the world's 115th most populous country, home to about 5.9 million people in 2026. A country of South-Eastern Asia, its trajectory to 2100 is governed by how births, deaths and migration play out. Population density stands at about 8,647 people for every square kilometre of land.

The defining marker in Singapore's future is its peak, expected around 2040 at about 6.2 million. After that the population eases back toward 4.2 million by 2100, having passed through 6.1 million at mid-century.

Half of Singapore is currently younger than about 36, but by 2100 the median age is projected to reach around 56, while life expectancy, near 84 years, keeps rising. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.

At about 0.95 births per woman, Singapore has one of the world's lowest fertility rates, well under the replacement level of around 2.1. Immigration is a meaningful contributor, bringing in more people than leave in a typical year.

Read these numbers as the midpoint of a range. Under the UN's high and low fertility paths Singapore's 2100 population could land well above or below the figures here; the medium variant is simply the central case.