Oman Population
Oman population, 1990–2100
Medium projection with low/high uncertainty band
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Current year
Oman in context
Oman is unusual among high-income countries in keeping fertility above the replacement level, and its population is projected to more than double by 2100. Expatriate workers make up roughly two fifths of residents, so migration policy moves the totals almost as much as births do. Life expectancy has climbed past 80, among the best in the Gulf.
The Oman demographic outlook
With roughly 5.6 million people as of 2026, Oman ranks 122nd in the world by population. Set in Western Asia, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. Population density stands at about 18 people for every square kilometre of land.
Oman is projected to keep growing until about 2100, when its population peaks at roughly 12.1 million before a gradual decline sets in, leaving it near 12.1 million by 2100.
Half of Oman is currently younger than about 29, but by 2100 the median age is projected to reach around 36, even as life expectancy improves from about 80 years. An older population gradually reshapes the labour force, pension systems and healthcare demand.
Fertility is around 2.51 births per woman, above the replacement level, which keeps natural growth positive for now. Net inward migration adds to the population each year and partly offsets the low birth rate.
The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, growth followed by an eventual peak, is robust across the main variants.
Migration & natural change
Net migration against natural change (births − deaths), 2026
Oman is a net destination for migration: roughly 79,740 more people arrive than leave each year. Births still outnumber deaths, adding about 80,275 people a year on their own.
Who supports whom
Dependants (under 15 and 65+) per 100 working-age adults (15–64)
| Year | Youth | Old-age | Total | 65+ share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 34 | 4 | 38 | 3% |
| 2050 | 27 | 9 | 36 | 7% |
| 2100 | 26 | 24 | 50 | 16% |
A total ratio of 100 means as many dependants as working-age adults. Rising old-age figures signal an ageing population and growing pressure on pensions and healthcare.
Key milestones
Age structure
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Demographic indicators
| Population 2024 | 5.2 million |
| Population 2050 | 7.8 million |
| Population 2075 | 10.0 million |
| Population 2100 | 12.1 million |
| Median age 2050 | 31.5 years |
| Fertility rate 2050 | 1.91 |
| Life expectancy 2100 | 90.4 years |