Taiwan Population
Taiwan population, 1990–2100
Medium projection with low/high uncertainty band
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Current year
Taiwan in context
Taiwan has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, well under one child per woman in recent years, and its population has already begun to decline. Rapid ageing and a shrinking workforce are pressing concerns for a high-tech economy reliant on skilled labour. Government incentives have so far failed to lift births meaningfully.
The Taiwan demographic outlook
Taiwan is the world's 61st most populous country, home to about 23.1 million people in 2026. Set in Eastern Asia, its demographic path this century turns on the balance of births, deaths and migration. It packs in roughly 650 people per square kilometre.
Having topped out near 23.7 million around 2020, Taiwan has entered the long, slow decline now spreading across much of the world. Its population is projected to fall to roughly 19.5 million by 2050 and about 10.1 million by 2100.
At about 0.86 births per woman, Taiwan has one of the world's lowest fertility rates, well under the replacement level of around 2.1.
The median age is set to climb from about 44 today to roughly 57 by 2100, even as life expectancy improves from about 81 years. A rising median age means fewer working-age people supporting each retiree over time.
The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, a population already past its peak, is robust across the main variants.
Migration & natural change
Net migration against natural change (births − deaths), 2026
Taiwan is a net source of migration: roughly 15,041 more people leave than arrive each year. Deaths now outnumber births, subtracting about 86,277 people a year, so migration is what keeps the population from falling faster.
Who supports whom
Dependants (under 15 and 65+) per 100 working-age adults (15–64)
| Year | Youth | Old-age | Total | 65+ share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 17 | 28 | 45 | 19% |
| 2050 | 16 | 73 | 89 | 39% |
| 2100 | 20 | 87 | 107 | 42% |
A total ratio of 100 means as many dependants as working-age adults. Rising old-age figures signal an ageing population and growing pressure on pensions and healthcare.
Key milestones
Age structure
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Demographic indicators
| Population 2024 | 23.3 million |
| Population 2050 | 19.5 million |
| Population 2075 | 14.1 million |
| Population 2100 | 10.1 million |
| Median age 2050 | 56.3 years |
| Fertility rate 2050 | 1.08 |
| Life expectancy 2100 | 90.9 years |