Finland Population
Finland population, 1990–2100
Medium projection with low/high uncertainty band
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Finland in context
Finland has seen its fertility fall sharply over the past decade to among the lower rates in the Nordic region, surprising a country known for strong family support. The decline has intensified debate about ageing and the need for immigration. A shrinking number of young people is now a central economic worry.
The Finland demographic outlook
Finland is the world's 120th most populous country, home to about 5.6 million people in 2026. A country of Northern Europe, its trajectory to 2100 is governed by how births, deaths and migration play out. It packs in roughly 19 people per square kilometre.
Having topped out near 5.6 million around 2026, Finland has entered the long, slow decline now spreading across much of the world. Its population is projected to fall to roughly 5.4 million by 2050 and about 4.6 million by 2100.
At about 1.29 births per woman, Finland has one of the world's lowest fertility rates, well under the replacement level of around 2.1. Immigration is a meaningful contributor, bringing in more people than leave in a typical year.
The median age is set to climb from about 43 today to roughly 51 by 2100, while life expectancy, near 82 years, keeps rising. That ageing slowly changes everything from the size of the workforce to the cost of care and pensions.
The trajectory above is the UN's medium scenario. Wars, policy shifts, economic change and migration can all move the numbers, but the broad shape, a population already past its peak, is robust across the main variants.
Migration & natural change
Net migration against natural change (births − deaths), 2026
Finland is a net destination for migration: roughly 12,666 more people arrive than leave each year. Deaths now outnumber births, subtracting about 17,358 people a year, so migration is what keeps the population from falling faster.
Who supports whom
Dependants (under 15 and 65+) per 100 working-age adults (15–64)
| Year | Youth | Old-age | Total | 65+ share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 24 | 39 | 63 | 24% |
| 2050 | 22 | 48 | 71 | 28% |
| 2100 | 22 | 63 | 85 | 34% |
A total ratio of 100 means as many dependants as working-age adults. Rising old-age figures signal an ageing population and growing pressure on pensions and healthcare.
Key milestones
Age structure
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Demographic indicators
| Population 2024 | 5.6 million |
| Population 2050 | 5.4 million |
| Population 2075 | 5.0 million |
| Population 2100 | 4.6 million |
| Median age 2050 | 46.5 years |
| Fertility rate 2050 | 1.41 |
| Life expectancy 2100 | 91.3 years |